Posterior maxillary dental implant reconstruction for advanced alveorlar ridge atrophy has become possible through bone grafting procedures involving the maxillary sinus. This procedure involves augmentation of either the internal or external aspects of the sinus, or both. Bone grafting of the external aspect is performed with guided bone regeneration, using  allogenic, autogenous, cortical, or corticocancellous grafts, as well as growth factors such as PRF as onlays with immediate or delayed implant placement. With the advent of new surgical techniques and equipment, sinus augmentation has become a predictable and efficient treatment. This presentation will focus on the internal, hammerless approach.

Learning Objectives: At completion of this presentation, participants should be able to:

1. Identify the basics of sinus anatomy

2. Differentiate and determine cases requiring lateral vs. crestal approach

3. Comprehend the tools best suited to an ideal crestal approach